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Research by subject
Every field asks questions differently and counts different things as evidence. Pick your subject for its related areas, ways into a question, methods, sources, and a first-week checklist.
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Sciences & math
- AstronomyStars, planets, and the universe, from telescope data you can access.
- Biology & lab sciencesLiving things, from cells to ecosystems, through experiments and observation.
- ChemistryWhat matter is made of and how substances react and change.
- Computer ScienceAlgorithms, software, and data — building and testing things that compute.
- EcologyHow organisms interact with each other and their environment.
- EngineeringDesigning, building, and testing solutions to real problems.
- Environmental StudiesHow people and the planet affect each other, and what to do about it.
- MathematicsPatterns, proofs, and problems, where evidence means proof.
- NeuroscienceThe brain and nervous system, and how they shape behavior.
- PhysicsMatter, energy, and motion, tested against careful measurement.
Social sciences
- AnthropologyHuman cultures and communities, studied up close.
- BusinessHow organizations, markets, and consumers make decisions.
- CriminologyThe causes of crime and how societies respond to it.
- Economics & public policyChoices, markets, and policies, measured with real data.
- EducationHow people learn, and how schools can help them learn better.
- Gender StudiesHow gender shapes identity, experience, and institutions.
- International RelationsHow states, institutions, and people interact across borders.
- LinguisticsHow language is structured, used, and changes over time.
- Political ScienceGovernment, power, and how people take part in politics.
- Psychology & social scienceThe mind and behavior, studied with people as participants.
- Public HealthPatterns of health and illness across populations.
- SociologyPatterns in how groups, not just individuals, behave.
Humanities & arts
- ArchitectureBuildings and spaces, and how people use and experience them.
- Art (studio & practice-based)Making art as research, from process to finished work.
- Art HistoryArtworks in context — who made them, how, and why.
- Film StudiesReading films closely for form, story, and context.
- HistoryThe past, built from primary sources and turned into an argument.
- Literature & EnglishClose reading of texts to make an argument about meaning.
- Media StudiesHow media shapes, and is shaped by, the people who use it.
- MusicThe structure, history, and meaning of music.
- PhilosophyBig questions about knowledge, ethics, and existence, answered with argument.